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- /*
- * jidctfst.c
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1994-1996, Thomas G. Lane.
- * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
- * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
- *
- * This file contains a fast, not so accurate integer implementation of the
- * inverse DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). In the IJG code, this routine
- * must also perform dequantization of the input coefficients.
- *
- * A 2-D IDCT can be done by 1-D IDCT on each column followed by 1-D IDCT
- * on each row (or vice versa, but it's more convenient to emit a row at
- * a time). Direct algorithms are also available, but they are much more
- * complex and seem not to be any faster when reduced to code.
- *
- * This implementation is based on Arai, Agui, and Nakajima's algorithm for
- * scaled DCT. Their original paper (Trans. IEICE E-71(11):1095) is in
- * Japanese, but the algorithm is described in the Pennebaker & Mitchell
- * JPEG textbook (see REFERENCES section in file README). The following code
- * is based directly on figure 4-8 in P&M.
- * While an 8-point DCT cannot be done in less than 11 multiplies, it is
- * possible to arrange the computation so that many of the multiplies are
- * simple scalings of the final outputs. These multiplies can then be
- * folded into the multiplications or divisions by the JPEG quantization
- * table entries. The AA&N method leaves only 5 multiplies and 29 adds
- * to be done in the DCT itself.
- * The primary disadvantage of this method is that with fixed-point math,
- * accuracy is lost due to imprecise representation of the scaled
- * quantization values. The smaller the quantization table entry, the less
- * precise the scaled value, so this implementation does worse with high-
- * quality-setting files than with low-quality ones.
- */
-
- /*
- * This module is specialized to the case DCTSIZE = 8.
- */
-
- /* Scaling decisions are generally the same as in the LL&M algorithm;
- * see jidctint.c for more details. However, we choose to descale
- * (right shift) multiplication products as soon as they are formed,
- * rather than carrying additional fractional bits into subsequent additions.
- * This compromises accuracy slightly, but it lets us save a few shifts.
- * More importantly, 16-bit arithmetic is then adequate (for 8-bit samples)
- * everywhere except in the multiplications proper; this saves a good deal
- * of work on 16-bit-int machines.
- *
- * The dequantized coefficients are not integers because the AA&N scaling
- * factors have been incorporated. We represent them scaled up by PASS1_BITS,
- * so that the first and second IDCT rounds have the same input scaling.
- * For 8-bit JSAMPLEs, we choose IFAST_SCALE_BITS = PASS1_BITS so as to
- * avoid a descaling shift; this compromises accuracy rather drastically
- * for small quantization table entries, but it saves a lot of shifts.
- * For 12-bit JSAMPLEs, there's no hope of using 16x16 multiplies anyway,
- * so we use a much larger scaling factor to preserve accuracy.
- *
- * A final compromise is to represent the multiplicative constants to only
- * 8 fractional bits, rather than 13. This saves some shifting work on some
- * machines, and may also reduce the cost of multiplication (since there
- * are fewer one-bits in the constants).
- */
-
- #define BITS_IN_JSAMPLE 8
-
- #if BITS_IN_JSAMPLE == 8
- #define CONST_BITS 8
- #define PASS1_BITS 2
- #else
- #define CONST_BITS 8
- #define PASS1_BITS 1 /* lose a little precision to avoid overflow */
- #endif
-
- /* Some C compilers fail to reduce "FIX(constant)" at compile time, thus
- * causing a lot of useless floating-point operations at run time.
- * To get around this we use the following pre-calculated constants.
- * If you change CONST_BITS you may want to add appropriate values.
- * (With a reasonable C compiler, you can just rely on the FIX() macro...)
- */
-
- #if CONST_BITS == 8
- #define FIX_1_082392200 (277) /* FIX(1.082392200) */
- #define FIX_1_414213562 (362) /* FIX(1.414213562) */
- #define FIX_1_847759065 (473) /* FIX(1.847759065) */
- #define FIX_2_613125930 (669) /* FIX(2.613125930) */
- #else
- #define FIX_1_082392200 FIX(1.082392200)
- #define FIX_1_414213562 FIX(1.414213562)
- #define FIX_1_847759065 FIX(1.847759065)
- #define FIX_2_613125930 FIX(2.613125930)
- #endif
-
-
- /* We can gain a little more speed, with a further compromise in accuracy,
- * by omitting the addition in a descaling shift. This yields an incorrectly
- * rounded result half the time...
- */
-
-
- /* Multiply a DCTELEM variable by an INT32 constant, and immediately
- * descale to yield a DCTELEM result.
- */
-
- #define MULTIPLY(var,const) (DESCALE((var) * (const), CONST_BITS))
-
-
- /* Dequantize a coefficient by multiplying it by the multiplier-table
- * entry; produce a DCTELEM result. For 8-bit data a 16x16->16
- * multiplication will do. For 12-bit data, the multiplier table is
- * declared INT32, so a 32-bit multiply will be used.
- */
-
- #if BITS_IN_JSAMPLE == 8
- #define DEQUANTIZE(coef,quantval) (coef)
- #else
- #define DEQUANTIZE(coef,quantval) \
- DESCALE((coef), IFAST_SCALE_BITS-PASS1_BITS)
- #endif
-
-
- /* Like DESCALE, but applies to a DCTELEM and produces an int.
- * We assume that int right shift is unsigned if INT32 right shift is.
- */
-
- #define DESCALE(x,n) ((x)>>(n))
- #define RANGE(n) (n)
- #define BLOCK int
-
- /*
- * Perform dequantization and inverse DCT on one block of coefficients.
- */
- #define DCTSIZE 8
- #define DCTSIZE2 64
-
- static void idct1(BLOCK *block)
- {
- int val = RANGE(DESCALE(block[0], PASS1_BITS+3));
- int i;
- for(i=0;i<DCTSIZE2;i++) block[i]=val;
- }
-
- void idct(BLOCK *block,int k)
- {
- int tmp0, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3, tmp4, tmp5, tmp6, tmp7;
- int z5, z10, z11, z12, z13;
- BLOCK *ptr;
- int i;
-
- /* Pass 1: process columns from input, store into work array. */
- switch(k){
- case 1:idct1(block); return;
- }
-
- ptr = block;
- for (i = 0; i< DCTSIZE; i++,ptr++) {
- /* Due to quantization, we will usually find that many of the input
- * coefficients are zero, especially the AC terms. We can exploit this
- * by short-circuiting the IDCT calculation for any column in which all
- * the AC terms are zero. In that case each output is equal to the
- * DC coefficient (with scale factor as needed).
- * With typical images and quantization tables, half or more of the
- * column DCT calculations can be simplified this way.
- */
-
- if ((ptr[DCTSIZE*1] | ptr[DCTSIZE*2] | ptr[DCTSIZE*3] |
- ptr[DCTSIZE*4] | ptr[DCTSIZE*5] | ptr[DCTSIZE*6] |
- ptr[DCTSIZE*7]) == 0) {
- /* AC terms all zero */
- ptr[DCTSIZE*0] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*1] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*2] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*3] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*4] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*5] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*6] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*7] =
- ptr[DCTSIZE*0];
-
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Even part */
-
- z10 = ptr[DCTSIZE*0] + ptr[DCTSIZE*4]; /* phase 3 */
- z11 = ptr[DCTSIZE*0] - ptr[DCTSIZE*4];
- z13 = ptr[DCTSIZE*2] + ptr[DCTSIZE*6]; /* phases 5-3 */
- z12 = MULTIPLY(ptr[DCTSIZE*2] - ptr[DCTSIZE*6], FIX_1_414213562) - z13; /* 2*c4 */
-
- tmp0 = z10 + z13; /* phase 2 */
- tmp3 = z10 - z13;
- tmp1 = z11 + z12;
- tmp2 = z11 - z12;
-
- /* Odd part */
-
- z13 = ptr[DCTSIZE*3] + ptr[DCTSIZE*5]; /* phase 6 */
- z10 = ptr[DCTSIZE*3] - ptr[DCTSIZE*5];
- z11 = ptr[DCTSIZE*1] + ptr[DCTSIZE*7];
- z12 = ptr[DCTSIZE*1] - ptr[DCTSIZE*7];
-
- z5 = MULTIPLY(z12 - z10, FIX_1_847759065);
- tmp7 = z11 + z13; /* phase 5 */
- tmp6 = MULTIPLY(z10, FIX_2_613125930) + z5 - tmp7; /* phase 2 */
- tmp5 = MULTIPLY(z11 - z13, FIX_1_414213562) - tmp6;
- tmp4 = MULTIPLY(z12, FIX_1_082392200) - z5 + tmp5;
-
- ptr[DCTSIZE*0] = (tmp0 + tmp7);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*7] = (tmp0 - tmp7);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*1] = (tmp1 + tmp6);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*6] = (tmp1 - tmp6);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*2] = (tmp2 + tmp5);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*5] = (tmp2 - tmp5);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*4] = (tmp3 + tmp4);
- ptr[DCTSIZE*3] = (tmp3 - tmp4);
-
- }
-
- /* Pass 2: process rows from work array, store into output array. */
- /* Note that we must descale the results by a factor of 8 == 2**3, */
- /* and also undo the PASS1_BITS scaling. */
-
- ptr = block;
- for (i = 0; i < DCTSIZE; i++ ,ptr+=DCTSIZE) {
- /* Rows of zeroes can be exploited in the same way as we did with columns.
- * However, the column calculation has created many nonzero AC terms, so
- * the simplification applies less often (typically 5% to 10% of the time).
- * On machines with very fast multiplication, it's possible that the
- * test takes more time than it's worth. In that case this section
- * may be commented out.
- */
-
- #ifndef NO_ZERO_ROW_TEST
- if ((ptr[1] | ptr[2] | ptr[3] | ptr[4] | ptr[5] | ptr[6] |
- ptr[7]) == 0) {
- /* AC terms all zero */
- ptr[0] =
- ptr[1] =
- ptr[2] =
- ptr[3] =
- ptr[4] =
- ptr[5] =
- ptr[6] =
- ptr[7] =
- RANGE(DESCALE(ptr[0], PASS1_BITS+3));;
-
- continue;
- }
- #endif
-
- /* Even part */
-
- z10 = ptr[0] + ptr[4];
- z11 = ptr[0] - ptr[4];
- z13 = ptr[2] + ptr[6];
- z12 = MULTIPLY(ptr[2] - ptr[6], FIX_1_414213562) - z13;
-
- tmp0 = z10 + z13;
- tmp3 = z10 - z13;
- tmp1 = z11 + z12;
- tmp2 = z11 - z12;
-
- /* Odd part */
-
- z13 = ptr[3] + ptr[5];
- z10 = ptr[3] - ptr[5];
- z11 = ptr[1] + ptr[7];
- z12 = ptr[1] - ptr[7];
-
- z5 = MULTIPLY(z12 - z10, FIX_1_847759065);
- tmp7 = z11 + z13; /* phase 5 */
- tmp6 = MULTIPLY(z10, FIX_2_613125930) + z5 - tmp7; /* phase 2 */
- tmp5 = MULTIPLY(z11 - z13, FIX_1_414213562) - tmp6;
- tmp4 = MULTIPLY(z12, FIX_1_082392200) - z5 + tmp5;
-
- /* Final output stage: scale down by a factor of 8 and range-limit */
-
- ptr[0] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp0 + tmp7, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[7] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp0 - tmp7, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[1] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp1 + tmp6, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[6] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp1 - tmp6, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[2] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp2 + tmp5, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[5] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp2 - tmp5, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[4] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp3 + tmp4, PASS1_BITS+3));;
- ptr[3] = RANGE(DESCALE(tmp3 - tmp4, PASS1_BITS+3));;
-
- }
- }